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The segment includes the initial sequence number of 5 that Host A is using. Host B accepts the segment to establish a session and sends back a segment with the SYN bit set. The acknowledgement number represents the next segment it expects to receive, which is 6 this is also called an expectational acknowledgment. The new segment includes the initial sequence number of Host B, which is Host A replies with an ACK segment that contains a sequence of 6, because this is what Host B is expecting, and acknowledgement number 15, informing Host B that it can send the next segment.
The window size informs the remote host about the number of bytes a device will accept before it must send an acknowledgement. However, the window sizes may not match on the two endpoints. Host A has a window size of 2 and Host B has a window size of 3. When Host A sends data, it can send 3 bytes before waiting for an acknowledgement, whereas Host B can send only 2 bytes before receiving an ACK.
Note : The window size specifies the number of bytes octets a device will accept, not the number of segments. After all the data is sent between the two hosts, the session can be closed. The segment includes the sequence number Host B is using at that specific moment, which is Host B acknowledges the request and sends the ACK bit with the acknowledgement number to confirm it has received number The segment also includes the current sequence number of Host B, which is Host B sends a new segment with the FIN bit set, announcing the application it is running also requests closing the session.
In the last step before the session is closed, Host A sends an ACK segment with number to confirm it received number from Host B. Once the MAC address is known, it is used as a destination address in the frames sent in that specific direction. The Transport Layer is based on the following two protocols: Transmission Control Protocol TCP : This provides a connected-oriented transmission, meaning the path that the data travels on in the network is reliable, as the endpoints establish a synchronized connection before sending the data.
Every data packet is acknowledged by the receiving host.
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